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Vol 12, Issue 9 (September 2026) Electrical And Electronics Engineering

Simulation-based Comparative Analysis Of Positive Output Luo Converter Topologies For High-Gain DC–DC Applications

High-gain DC–DC Converters Play A Significant Role In Renewable Energy Systems, Electric Vehicles, Battery Charging Systems, Fuel Cells, And Other Modern Power Electronic Applications Where Efficient Voltage Conversion Is Essential. Conventional Boos... High-gain DC–DC Converters Play A Significant Role In Renewable Energy Systems, Electric Vehicles, Battery Charging Systems, Fuel Cells, And Other Modern Power Electronic Applications Where Efficient Voltage Conversion Is Essential. Conventional Boost Converters Often Experience Limitations Such As High Duty Cycle Operation, Increased Switching Losses, Poor Voltage Gain, And Reduced Efficiency Under High Conversion Ratios. To Overcome These Challenges, The Luo Converter Family, Based On The Voltage Lift (VL) Technique, Has Emerged As An Effective Solution For Achieving Higher Voltage Gain With Improved Performance. Over The Years, Several Positive Output Luo Converter Topologies, Including The Elementary, Self-Lift, Re-Lift, Super-Lift, And Multiple-Lift Converters, Have Been Developed To Enhance Voltage Conversion Capability While Maintaining Continuous Input Current And Reduced Output Ripple. This Paper Presents A Comprehensive Comparative Analysis Of Positive Output Luo Converter Topologies By Reviewing Their Operating Principles, Voltage Gain Characteristics, Structural Complexity, Component Requirements, Reported Performance, And Application Suitability. Furthermore, Recent Developments In Converter Modifications, Advanced Control Strategies, And Renewable Energy Applications Are Discussed. A Comparative Assessment Is Provided To Highlight The Advantages, Limitations, And Appropriate Application Domains Of Each Topology. Finally, Current Research Challenges And Future Research Opportunities Are Identified To Support The Development Of Next-generation High-gain DC–DC Converters For Renewable Energy And Electric Vehicle Applications. Read more Read less

Authors: INTI KRISHNATULASI | Dr. G.A. RATHY

Vol 12, Issue 9 (September 2026) Biochemistry

Green Synthesis And Medicinal Applications Of Bioactive Heterocyclic Compounds: A Study

Heterocyclic Compounds Are An Essential Class Of Molecules In Medicinal Chemistry Because Their Structural Diversity And Heteroatom Content Enable Specific Interactions With A Wide Range Of Biological Targets [1]. However, Classical Synthetic Routes... Heterocyclic Compounds Are An Essential Class Of Molecules In Medicinal Chemistry Because Their Structural Diversity And Heteroatom Content Enable Specific Interactions With A Wide Range Of Biological Targets [1]. However, Classical Synthetic Routes Frequently Involve Hazardous Reagents, Toxic Organic Solvents, High Energy Consumption, Multistep Operations, And Excessive Waste Generation. Green Chemistry Offers A Vital Framework To Refine Synthetic Efficiency While Minimising The Environmental Footprint Of Heterocycle Production. This Review Critically Evaluates Sustainable Methodologies For Constructing Bioactive Heterocyclic Cores, Focusing On Microwave-assisted Synthesis, Ultrasound-driven Routes, And Multicomponent Reactions (MCRs), Solvent-free/aqueous Media, And Eco-friendly Catalytic Systems. Furthermore, The Therapeutic Relevance Of These Frameworks Across Oncology, Infectious Diseases, Neurodegenerative Conditions, And Metabolic Disorders Is Detailed [1]. Despite Notable Progress, Translating Green-synthesized Leads Into Clinical Candidates Remains Bottlenecked By Aqueous Solubility Issues, Poor Metabolic Stability, Incomplete Pharmacokinetic Profiles, And Limited In Vivo Validation [1]. Future Research Must Harmoniously Integrate Green Synthetic Protocols With Systematic In Vivo Testing, Advanced Drug-delivery Platforms, And Computational/AI-driven Modelling To Accelerate The Discovery Of Sustainable Therapeutics Read more Read less

Authors: Vinod Prakash Shinde | Dr Kanchan Sonune | Mr Roshan Kumar Sah

Vol 12, Issue 9 (September 2026) Power Electronics And Drives

Adaptive Tabu Search-Optimized Speed Control Of A BLDC Motor Drive For Electric Vehicle Applications

High-efficiency Propulsion Drives Are Essential For Advancing Modern Electric Vehicle (EV) Powertrains. This Paper Presents A Speed-control Architecture For Brushless DC (BLDC) Motors Using An Adaptive Tabu Search (ATS) Algorithm To Optimize Proporti... High-efficiency Propulsion Drives Are Essential For Advancing Modern Electric Vehicle (EV) Powertrains. This Paper Presents A Speed-control Architecture For Brushless DC (BLDC) Motors Using An Adaptive Tabu Search (ATS) Algorithm To Optimize Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) Controller Parameters. Standard Empirical PID Tuning Methods Often Fail To Deliver Adequate Robustness Against The Nonlinear Dynamics, Abrupt Road-load Changes, And Fluctuating Operating Conditions Inherent To EV Drivetrains. To Address This, The ATS Algorithm Systematically Searches The Multi-dimensional Parameter Space (Kp, Ki, Kd) While Explicitly Enforcing Physical Control Voltage Limits To Prevent Actuator Saturation And Digital Over-modulation. MATLAB/Simulink Simulations Under Severe Dynamic Load Profiles Demonstrate That The Proposed ATS-optimized Controller Effectively Eliminates Steady-state Tracking Error, Accelerates Settling Time, And Mitigates Startup Overshoot Compared To Conventional Tuning Techniques. Read more Read less

Authors: P JAYANTHI | Dr. R. Suja Mani Malar

Vol 12, Issue 9 (September 2026) Basic Science

APPLICATIONS OF SMART TECHNOLOGIES IN HEALTHCARE: THE ROLE OF AI AND MACHINE LEARNING

This Paper Examines The Role Of AI And ML In Enhancing Patient Care Through Faster Decision-making, Personalized Treatments, And Proactive Healthcare Delivery. Key Applications Include Predictive Analytics, Medical Imaging Diagnostics, Natural Langua... This Paper Examines The Role Of AI And ML In Enhancing Patient Care Through Faster Decision-making, Personalized Treatments, And Proactive Healthcare Delivery. Key Applications Include Predictive Analytics, Medical Imaging Diagnostics, Natural Language Processing, Clinical Decision Support Systems, Robotic Surgery, Virtual Health Assistants And Remote Patient Monitoring. By Analysing Current Advancements And Future Trends, The Study Highlights How AI-driven Technologies Can Improve Accessibility, Reduce Costs, And Enhance Patient Outcomes, While Emphasizing The Need To Address Technical, Ethical, And Operational Challenges To Achieve Intelligent, Patient-centred Healthcare. Read more Read less

Authors: Deepshikha Hudda | Aftab Alam

Vol 12, Issue 9 (September 2026) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Power Quality Improvement In Distribution Systems Using A Unified Power Quality Conditioner Based On A PSO-Tuned Fractional Order PI Controller

The Increasing Penetration Of Nonlinear Loads, Power-electronic Converters And Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources Has Intensified Power Quality (PQ) Disturbances Such As Voltage Sag, Swell And Current Harmonics In Modern Distribution Networks. Thi... The Increasing Penetration Of Nonlinear Loads, Power-electronic Converters And Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources Has Intensified Power Quality (PQ) Disturbances Such As Voltage Sag, Swell And Current Harmonics In Modern Distribution Networks. This Paper Presents The Design And MATLAB/Simulink-based Evaluation Of A Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) For Simultaneous Voltage- And Current-side Compensation, In Which The DC-link Voltage Regulation Loop Is Controlled By A Fractional Order Proportional-Integral (FOPI) Controller Whose Parameters (Kp, Ki, λ) Are Optimally Tuned Using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) With An Integral Of Time-weighted Absolute Error (ITAE) Fitness Function. Shunt Reference Currents Are Generated Using The Instantaneous P–q Theory In The Clarke–Park Reference Frame, While Series Reference Voltage Is Generated Using Unit-vector Templates; Both Inverters Are Switched Using Hysteresis Current Control. The Proposed Scheme Is Benchmarked Against An Uncompensated System, A UPQC With A Classical Ziegler–Nichols-tuned PI Controller, A UPQC With A PSO-tuned PI Controller, And A UPQC With An Empirically Tuned FOPI Controller, Under A Common Disturbance Profile Comprising A 0.7 P.u. Voltage Sag, A 1.3 P.u. Voltage Swell And Superimposed 5th/7th Order Harmonics Feeding A Three-phase Diode-bridge Rectifier Load. Simulation Results Show That The Source-current Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) Of 22.24% In The Uncompensated Case Is Reduced To 3.54% By The Proposed PSO-tuned FOPI-based UPQC, A Reduction Of 84.1%, Comfortably Satisfying The IEEE-519 Limit Of 5%, While Also Providing The Fastest DC-link Settling Time, The Lowest Overshoot, And The Most Effective Sag/swell Mitigation Among The Compared Strategies. Read more Read less

Authors: ASHOK KUMAR M | Dr. G. A. Rathy