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Vol 12, Issue 8 (August 2026) Civil Engineering

Performance Evaluation Of Natural Zeolite-Based Fiber Reinforced Concrete Under Flexural And Tensile Loading

The Incorporation Of Supplementary Cementitious Materials And Fiber Reinforcement Has Become An Effective Strategy For Developing Sustainable Concrete With Enhanced Structural Performance. Among These Materials, Natural Zeolite Possesses Significant... The Incorporation Of Supplementary Cementitious Materials And Fiber Reinforcement Has Become An Effective Strategy For Developing Sustainable Concrete With Enhanced Structural Performance. Among These Materials, Natural Zeolite Possesses Significant Pozzolanic Properties That Improve The Cementitious Matrix, While Hooked-end Steel Fibers Enhance Crack Resistance And Post-cracking Behavior. This Study Examines The Combined Effect Of Natural Zeolite And Steel Fibers On The Split Tensile And Flexural Performance Of M30 Grade Concrete Prepared Using 100% Manufactured Sand (M-sand) As The Fine Aggregate. Cement Was Partially Replaced With 0%, 5%, 10%, And 15% Natural Zeolite, While The Steel Fiber Content Was Maintained At 1% In All Modified Mixtures. A Constant Water-to-cement Ratio Of 0.45 Was Adopted, And The Concrete Specimens Were Tested For Split Tensile And Flexural Strength After 7 And 28 Days Of Standard Water Curing. The Results Indicate That The Incorporation Of Natural Zeolite Substantially Improved The Tensile And Flexural Characteristics Of Concrete Up To An Optimum Replacement Level Of 10%. The Enhanced Performance Is Attributed To The Formation Of A Denser Cementitious Matrix Through Secondary Pozzolanic Reactions And The Crack-arresting Mechanism Provided By The Hooked-end Steel Fibers. The Optimum Mix Exhibited Superior Resistance To Tensile Cracking And Bending Stresses, Reflecting Improved Structural Efficiency Under Service Loading. Although A Slight Decrease In Strength Was Observed At 15% Natural Zeolite Replacement, The Modified Concrete Continued To Outperform The Control Mix. The Study Demonstrates That The Synergistic Combination Of Natural Zeolite, Hooked-end Steel Fibers, And Manufactured Sand Can Be Effectively Utilized To Produce Durable And Sustainable Concrete With Improved Tensile And Flexural Performance, Making It A Suitable Material For Structural Elements Subjected To Significant Tensile And Bending Actions. Read more Read less

Authors: Mr. Vijay Dileep Deshmukh | Prof. G. N. Shete

Vol 12, Issue 8 (August 2026) Structural Engineer

Design And Analysis Of Industrial Warehouses Using STAAD.Pro: Comparative Assessment Of Conventional Steel And Pre-Engineered Building Systems

This Paper Presents A Comparative Analysis Of Conventional Steel Structure (CST) And Pre-engineered Building (PEB) Systems For An Industrial Warehouse Using STAAD.Pro. Four Principal Models Were Examined: Three-bay And Nine-bay CST Structures And Equ... This Paper Presents A Comparative Analysis Of Conventional Steel Structure (CST) And Pre-engineered Building (PEB) Systems For An Industrial Warehouse Using STAAD.Pro. Four Principal Models Were Examined: Three-bay And Nine-bay CST Structures And Equivalent PEB Structures. Each Bay Was 8 M Long, The Clear Span Was 12 M, And The Full Warehouse Length Was 72 M. The Reported Eave Height Was 14 M, Supports Were Pinned, And The Adopted Basic Wind Speed Was 33 M/s, Producing A Design Wind Pressure Of 653.4 N/m². Maximum Deformation And Maximum Axial Force Were Used As The Principal Performance Indicators. CST Deformation Decreased From 43.7 Mm To 39.6 Mm As The Bay Count Increased, Whereas PEB Deformation Decreased From 34.3 Mm To 23.7 Mm. CST Axial Force Reduced From 84.3 KN To 76.7 KN, While PEB Axial Force Reduced From 63.58 KN To 57.23 KN. Compared With CST, PEB Reduced Deformation By 21.51% For Three Bays And 40.15% For Nine Bays, And Reduced Axial Force By 24.58% And 25.38%, Respectively. Validation Against Joint-method Support Reactions Produced A Maximum Difference Of Approximately 0.05%. The Results Indicate That PEB Framing Provides Superior Deformation Control, Lower Axial Demand, And Potential Material Economy For The Studied Long, Column-free Industrial Warehouse. Read more Read less

Authors: Om Prashant Patrike | P. A. Vedpathak

Vol 12, Issue 8 (August 2026) Physical Education

Artificial Intelligence In Physical Education: Opportunities, Challenges, And Future Directions

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Is Transforming Physical Education By Improving Teaching, Fitness Assessment, Sports Performance Analysis, And Health Monitoring Through Technologies Such As Machine Learning, Computer Vision, Wearable Devices, And Intell... Artificial Intelligence (AI) Is Transforming Physical Education By Improving Teaching, Fitness Assessment, Sports Performance Analysis, And Health Monitoring Through Technologies Such As Machine Learning, Computer Vision, Wearable Devices, And Intelligent Analytics. This Study Aims To Examine The Opportunities, Challenges, And Future Directions Of AI In Physical Education. A Systematic Literature Review Was Conducted Using Peer-reviewed Publications And Reports From Major Academic Databases Published Between 2018 And 2026. The Findings Indicate That AI Enhances Personalized Learning, Fitness Monitoring, Sports Performance, Injury Prevention, And Evidence-based Coaching. However, Challenges Such As High Implementation Costs, Data Privacy Concerns, Limited Infrastructure, And Insufficient AI Literacy Among Educators Hinder Its Effective Adoption. The Study Concludes That AI Has The Potential To Create More Efficient, Inclusive, And Learner-centered Physical Education, Provided That Appropriate Infrastructure, Teacher Training, And Ethical Guidelines Are Established. Read more Read less

Authors: Mr. Sangram Shivaji Todkar

Vol 12, Issue 8 (August 2026) Structural Engineer

Analysis on Behavior of High Rise Irregular R.C. Structure Against Influence of Strong Strength of Wind Load

Rapid Urbanisation And Architectural Demand Have Increased The Use Of Slender High-rise Reinforced-concrete (RC) Buildings With Setbacks, Re-entrant Corners, Non-rectangular Plans, Twisting Forms, Unequal Stiffness Distributions, And Other Aerodynami... Rapid Urbanisation And Architectural Demand Have Increased The Use Of Slender High-rise Reinforced-concrete (RC) Buildings With Setbacks, Re-entrant Corners, Non-rectangular Plans, Twisting Forms, Unequal Stiffness Distributions, And Other Aerodynamic Or Structural Irregularities. Such Configurations Can Amplify Separation, Vortex Shedding, Torsional Loading, Cross-wind Response, Local Suction, And Occupant Discomfort Under Strong Winds. This Paper Systematically Reviews The Behaviour, Analysis And Mitigation Of High-rise Irregular RC Structures Subjected To Strong-wind Loading. A Hybrid Systematic And Structured Review Protocol Was Applied To Peer-reviewed Literature, Design Standards And Technical Guidance Published Principally Between 2020 And 2026, With Foundational Studies Retained Where Required. The Reviewed Evidence Was Classified Into Code-based Analytical Procedures, Boundary-layer Wind-tunnel Testing, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) And Fluid–structure Interaction (FSI), Performance-based And Nonlinear Structural Analysis, Aerodynamic/structural Optimisation, Vibration Control, And Machine-learning Prediction. The Synthesis Shows That Irregular Geometry Cannot Be Represented Reliably Through A Single Generic Pressure Coefficient Or Equivalent-static Procedure. Wind Direction, Corner And Side Configuration, Aspect Ratio, Openings, Surrounding-building Interference, Turbulence Modelling, Damping, Modal Coupling And Torsional Eccentricity Strongly Govern Response. Reported Studies Demonstrate That Carefully Selected Irregular Or Modified Forms May Reduce Demand: One T-shaped Configuration Reduced Mean Base-moment Coefficient By 18.6%, Integrated CFD–structural Optimisation Reduced Concrete Volume By 35.71%, And Openings In A Triangular 40-storey Building Reduced Lateral Deformation By About 32–33%. Conversely, Other Shapes Increased Along-wind Base Moment Or Generated Larger Lift And Torque. Emerging Machine-learning Models Substantially Reduce Computational Or Wind-tunnel Burden, But Their Generalisation Remains Dependent On Dataset Diversity And Physics-consistent Validation. The Principal Gap Is The Limited Integration Of Directional Nonstationary Wind Climate, Validated Unsteady Aerodynamics, Nonlinear RC Behaviour, Uncertainty, And Serviceability Into A Unified Design Workflow. The Review Recommends A Tiered Framework Combining Code Screening, CFD/wind-tunnel Validation, Coupled Dynamic Analysis And Performance-based Verification For Reliable And Economical Design Of Irregular RC Towers. Read more Read less

Authors: Sawant Anant Dnyanoba | Prof.Anantwad S.B

Vol 12, Issue 8 (August 2026) Structural Engineer

Analysis Of High-Rise Building By Comparing Footing With Base Isolation And Without Base Isolation Using Etabs

High-rise Buildings Founded On Conventional Isolated, Combined, Or Raft Footings Transfer Earthquake Motion Directly Into The Superstructure, Whereas A Base-isolation Layer Modifies This Load Path By Introducing Controlled Lateral Flexibility And Ene... High-rise Buildings Founded On Conventional Isolated, Combined, Or Raft Footings Transfer Earthquake Motion Directly Into The Superstructure, Whereas A Base-isolation Layer Modifies This Load Path By Introducing Controlled Lateral Flexibility And Energy Dissipation Between The Foundation And The Building. This Review Synthesises Published Evidence On The Comparative Behaviour Of Fixed-base And Base-isolated High-rise Buildings And Translates The Findings Into A Reproducible ETABS Modelling Framework. A Structured Systematic Review Was Conducted For Publications From 2018 To July 2026 Using Scopus, Web Of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Taylor & Francis, ASCE Library, Google Scholar, And Official Code Or Software Sources. Thirty-seven Studies Were Retained After Duplicate Removal, Title–abstract Screening, Full-text Eligibility Assessment, And Quality Scoring. The Review Covers Conventional Footing Idealisation, Lead-rubber Bearings, High-damping Rubber Bearings, Friction-pendulum Systems, Nonlinear Link Modelling, Response-spectrum Analysis, Nonlinear Time-history Analysis, Soil–structure Interaction, Near-fault Effects, Wind Serviceability, And Performance-based Optimisation. The Evidence Consistently Indicates That Appropriately Selected Isolators Lengthen The Effective Period And Reduce Superstructure Drift, Acceleration, Base Shear, And Overturning Demand, Although They Increase Displacement Demand At The Isolation Interface. A Reported 20-storey Case Achieved Average Base-shear Reductions Of 54–62% For Isolation Periods Of 4–5 S, While Other Studies Demonstrate That Vertical Motion, Pulse-like Records, Device Heating, Axial-load Variation, And Inappropriate Stiffness Assumptions Can Reduce The Apparent Benefit. The Principal Gaps Are Limited High-rise Validation, Inconsistent Reporting Of Isolator Properties, Insufficient Treatment Of Soil–foundation–isolator Interaction, And Weak Integration Of Wind And Seismic Design. The Paper Therefore Proposes Two ETABS Models Conventional Footing/fixed Base And Identical Superstructure With Nonlinear Isolation Links And A Common Set Of Response Measures For Technically Defensible Comparison. The Review Concludes That Base Isolation Is Not Automatically Superior; Its Benefit Depends On Verified Device Properties, Displacement Capacity, Ground-motion Selection, Foundation Compatibility, And Nonlinear Analysis Quality. Read more Read less

Authors: Shubham Dalave | Prof.Anantwad S.B