Iot-based Water Quality Monitoring System For Sustainable Resource Management

Abstract

Water Is A Vital Natural Resource, And Its Quality Directly Impacts Human Health, Agriculture, And Ecosystem Sustainability. Traditional Water Quality Monitoring Methods Are Often Time-consuming, Expensive, And Limited In Spatial And Temporal Coverage. To Overcome These Challenges, This Paper Presents An Automated Internet Of Things (IoT)-based Water Quality Monitoring System (WQMS) That Integrates Smart Sensor Arrays, Embedded Processing, Wireless Telemetry, And Cloud Computing For Real-time Analysis. The System Employs Multiple Submersed And Environmental Sensors To Continuously Measure Critical Physical And Chemical Parameters, Including Potential Of Hydrogen (pH), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Electrical Conductivity, Turbidity, Temperature, And Chemical/biochemical Oxygen Demand (COD/BOD). These Sensors Interface Directly With An ESP32 Microcontroller Unit (MCU) Leveraging Its Native Successive Approximation Register (SAR) Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). The Aggregated Parameters Are Processed Locally And Securely Transmitted Via Integrated Wi-Fi Or GSM Modules Utilizing Lightweight Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) And HTTP Communication Protocols To A Dedicated Cloud Environment (Adafruit IO / AWS Backend). Cloud Infrastructures Facilitate Automated Database Logging, Historical Trend Analytics, And Crossplatform Visualization Through Graphical Dashboards. Integrated Automated Emergency Mechanisms Trigger Localized Piezoelectric Acoustic Buzzer Warnings And Send Immediate Remote Alert Notifications Via SMS And Email Channels Upon Any Parametric Cross-contamination Or Extreme Deviation From Safe Drinking Standards. Empirical Results Validate High System Stability, Minimal Calibration Errors, And Immediate Sub-3-second Warning Propagation, Proving The Solution's Extreme Viability Across Residential Water Frameworks, Aquaculture, And Industrial Effluent Tracking.

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