Design And Implementation Of An Automated Load Sharing System For Electrical Distribution Transformers Using Esp8266 And Cloud Infrastructure

Abstract

This Paper Introduces An Automated, Internet Of Things (IoT)-enabled Load-sharing Framework Designed To Optimize Power Distribution And Protect Distribution Transformers From Operational Degradation Caused By Overloading. Conventional Electrical Distribution Networks Typically Employ Static Load Configurations That Fail To Adapt Dynamically During Peak Demand Periods, Resulting In Thermal Stress, Reduced Efficiency, And Sudden Component Failures. To Mitigate These Challenges, The Developed System Utilizes An ESP32 Microcontroller To Monitor Grid Conditions And Autonomously Redistribute Electrical Loads Between Parallel-connected Transformers. In Contrast To Hardware-intensive Legacy Designs, This System Minimizes Deployment Complexity By Relying Primarily On Potential Sensing Modules, While Calculating Transformer Operating Temperature Via A Software-defined Mathematical Estimation Model. Based On These Monitored And Calculated Parameters, The Microcontroller Executes Real-time Load Switching Via Relays When Safe Thresholds Are Breached. Furthermore, Integration With A Cloud-based Firebase Realtime Database Enables Instantaneous Data Synchronization, Providing A Remote Web-based Graphical User Interface Dashboard For Telemetry Visualization And Manual Override Capabilities. Local Validation Is Maintained Through A 16×2 Liquid Crystal Display Using The I2C Protocol, Ensuring Operational Continuity And Status Visibility During Network Offline States. The Prototype Offers A Highly Scalable, Robust, And Cost-effective Methodology For Enhancing Power Distribution Reliability And Smart Grid Automation.

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