Battery Swapping Ev Powered Station

Abstract

Battery Swapping Can Remove The Waiting Time Of Plug-in Charging, But A Low-cost Station For A Small Fleet Must Still Control Who May Open The Battery Bay And Keep Watch On The Batteries Being Charged. This Paper Presents The Design And Bench Evaluation Of A Low-cost Battery Swapping Station Prototype For Electric Two-wheelers. An Arduino UNO Checks RFID Cards Read By An RC522 Module And Drives A Servo-operated Lock, An LCD, LEDs And A Buzzer, While An ESP32 Reads An INA219 Sensor And An NTC Thermistor, Switches A Cooling Fan And Streams Voltage, Current, Power And Temperature To An IoT Cloud Dashboard. A TP4056 Module Charges The Li-ion Cell Using A Relay-based Power-source Selection System That Switches Between Photovoltaic And Grid-fed Supplies, With The Grid AC Supply Converted To DC Using A Buck/step-down Converter. One Logged Session Showed 3.195 V, 0.699 A, 2.236 W And 22.579 °C, And A Second Charging Trace Showed About 3.5 V, 1.6–2.1 A And 6–8 W. RFID Access Trials Consisting Of 20 Attempts Gave A False-acceptance Rate Of 0% And A False-rejection Rate Of 10%. The Components Cost ₹2,745. The Prototype Is A 3.7 V Single-cell Proof Of Concept: RFID Matching Is Identification Rather Than Cryptographic Security, The Battery Condition Does Not Yet Controls The Lock, And The Energy Contributed By The Solar And Grid Sources Remains Unmeasured.

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